Who does it:
- Indian YouTube creators (long-form, 10K–5M subscribers), Instagram Reels creators, MX TakaTak short-video creators, and small production houses making ads or explainer videos.
- Freelance video editors working for these creators, who handle music selection on the creator's behalf.
- Wedding and event videographers across Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities — a large, underserved buyer segment that uses pirated or generic music because licensed music is inaccessible.
- Brands and agencies producing in-house marketing content, who need commercial licenses but face friction with global platforms.
- Free platforms: YouTube Audio Library, Instagram's built-in music library, and Pixabay Audio. These are popular because they cost nothing but carry unclear commercial-use terms for Indian law.
- WhatsApp groups: musicians and composers in cities like Mumbai, Chennai, and Hyderabad advertise custom background scores directly via WhatsApp, negotiate verbally, and deliver via Google Drive links. This is fully informal.
- Excel and Google Sheets: composers maintain informal rate cards in spreadsheets shared over WhatsApp. No standardized licensing, no invoice, no proof of purchase.
- International paid platforms: Artlist, Epidemic Sound, and Epidemic Sound are used by the top 1% of Indian creators who understand copyright and can afford USD pricing. Most creators balk at $15–30/month.
- Music directors and composers for ad films still operate through agency relationships, with rates negotiated case-by-case, often inflated by intermediary commissions.
- Creators waste 2–4 hours per video hunting for music they can legally use, often settling for wrong-audio or giving up and using flagged tracks.
- Composers and independent musicians cannot price, license, or deliver their work at scale. Each client is a manual WhatsApp negotiation.
- The legal ambiguity costs everyone: creators get copyright strikes on YouTube (demonetization risk), and composers have no enforceable proof of license grant.
- No Indian payment gateway integration for micro-licenses (sub-₹500 transactions). International platforms don't support UPI natively, creating checkout drop-off.
- Regional language music is nearly absent from global platforms. Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, and Bengali creators have almost no options from Indian-stock sources.