Who does it:
- In-house: Finance controllers or a dedicated HR/Admin manager in companies with 50+ employees. The compliance function sits inside Finance, not HR, in most Indian SMEs.
- Outsourced: Chartered Accountants handle PF/ESI/PT filings as part of monthly bookkeeping retainers (₹3,000–8,000/month for a typical SME). Specialist labor law consultants charge ₹5,000–20,000/month but are used only by companies that have already faced a labor department inspection.
- Government portals: EPFO portal (epfo.gov.in), ESIC portal (esic.gov.in), and individual state Shops & Establishment portals. Each requires separate login credentials, different filing windows, and different data formats.
- EPFO's Unified Portal for monthly PF returns and annual returns
- ESIC portal for monthly contributions and accident reporting
- State labor department portals for Shops & Establishment renewals (each state runs its own portal with different UX, login formats, and renewal cycles)
- Excel or Google Sheets as the tracking layer — manually updated each month
- WhatsApp groups for deadline alerts (typically the CA's team sends reminders, or the company's accounts team circulates a list)
- Physical register for attendance and leave records (still legally required for certain filings under the Karnataka Shops Act, for example)
- Missed deadlines: PF monthly return has a deadline of the 15th of the following month. Late filing attracts penalty interest at 12% p.a. on the contribution amount, compounded monthly. A single missed filing on a ₹5 lakh monthly wage bill generates ₹5,000 in penalty interest within 30 days of default.
- Duplicate effort: The same employee data (name, UAN, bank account, joining date) must be submitted to EPFO, ESIC, state labor department, and professional tax authority — four different formats, four different portals, often with contradictory field naming conventions.
- Consultant markup: CAs bundle HR compliance into a ₹5,000–10,000/month retainer, charging for time they could eliminate if data flowed cleanly into government portals. The client has no visibility into how much of this fee is pure overhead.
- Inspection risk: A single labor department inspection can result in: demand notice for unpaid contributions (with 24% penalty in serious cases under the EPF Act), prosecution of the employer under the Code on Wages 2019, and loss of a government contract if the firm holds one. Most SMEs discover this risk only after the first inspection notice.