Who does it and how:
A retail pharmacist (chemist) or their assistant starts the day by calling or WhatsApp-messaging 2-4 regular distributor contacts to check stock and prices. A distributor's sales boy or field rep visits 15-25 retail points daily with a physical order book. Orders are confirmed verbally, follow-up is manual, and delivery timelines are "will send by evening" — vague and untracked.
The full chain above the retailer: Manufacturer → C&F Agent (Carrying and Forwarding, earns ~2-5%) → Primary Distributor (earns ~5-12%) → Secondary Stockist/Sub-distributor (earns ~8-15%) → Retailer (earns ~15-25% on MRP, but margin is compressed on generic lines).
Where time and money leak:
- Ordering time: A small retailer spends 45-90 minutes per day on order calls/messages across 3-5 contacts. At 25 days/month, that's 20-35 hours per month burned on coordination, not selling.
- Stockout cost: Distributors don't have real-time inventory visibility. A retailer discovers an out-of-stock item only at delivery. That SKU is lost for that cycle — the patient goes elsewhere.
- Price discovery: The same strip can be priced differently by different stockists in the same locality. Retailers don't know who has the best price for a full basket without calling multiple people.
- Credit and reconciliation: Small retailers often deal on 15-30 day credit with their distributor. Checking outstanding balances requires a separate call or a visit. No digital trail.
- C&F agent blind spot: Manufacturers and C&F agents have no live view of secondary sales (distributor → retailer). They rely on monthly summary reports that are self-reported and often lagged 30-45 days.