Who does it: A kirana store owner (or their nephew/assistant) wakes at 5 AM, calls or WhatsApp-messages 3-5 wholesale contacts to check stock and prices, takes orders verbally, and waits 4-24 hours for delivery. A distributor sales rep visits 15-25 stores daily on a fixed beat, collects orders on a paper notebook or entry-level Android phone, and promises delivery by evening. A broker/distributor coordinates between a manufacturer and smaller retailers, taking a 2-5% commission on every order.
The tools in use:
- Physical notebook or Excel on a basic Android phone for order tracking
- WhatsApp groups (one per distributor, sometimes one per category: FMCG, pulses, oil, FMCG)
- Phone calls for price negotiation on large or non-standard orders
- Bank transfers or cash on delivery; credit extended via personal relationship, not contracts
- Sometimes a tally-like local accountant who maintains books for 20-50 shops in a lane
- Ordering latency: A store owner spends 45-90 minutes daily on procurement tasks that an app could reduce to under 5 minutes. That time is non-revenue generating and usually comes from the owner's own sleep or family time.
- Price opacity: Retailers do not know what their neighbour paid for the same case of cooking oil. This prevents volume negotiation leverage.
- Credit asymmetry: Distributors extend credit selectively (7-14 days) but do not share credit history, so a retailer paying on time gets no recognition. Working capital is tied up unnecessarily.
- Stockout at distributor level: A retailer orders 10 cases, distributor has 3. The retailer either waits (lost sale) or places a second order elsewhere (split order, double logistics cost).
- Return and expiry handling: Small retailers have no systematic way to return near-expiry goods; they absorb the loss or push it to customers.
- Small-order surcharge: Many distributors impose a minimum order value of ₹2,000-5,000; a kirana buying for a Sunday burst order of ₹400-800 pays more per unit or skips the distributor entirely.