Who does the work:
- Sexologists (M.D. in psychiatry or skin & STD, sometimes unqualified practitioners) run solo practices from small clinics or homes, mostly in metros and large Tier 2 cities.
- Reproductive endocrinologists and fertility specialists work in hospital settings or own small nursing-home setups.
- Ayurvedic and Yunani practitioners treating sexual and reproductive complaints operate at the fringe — not licensed for this in modern medicine terms, but the market uses them.
- Health coaches and counselors (non-M.D.) handle fertility tracking, period issues, and sex therapy via personal WhatsApp groups.
- Doctors maintain personal WhatsApp with patients. Prescription photos sent over WhatsApp. Follow-up requests come as WhatsApp voice notes.
- Appointment books: physical register, Excel on a personal phone, or Google Calendar (informally).
- Patient intake: zero systematic history-taking. A WhatsApp message "doctor mujhe problem hai" gets a phone consultation.
- Broker networks: medical representatives, pharmacy owners, and "health guides" in small towns refer patients to specialists in metros for a cut (₹500–2,000 per referral). Some brokers operate WhatsApp groups for specific doctors.
- Discovery: patients Google symptoms, find practitioner listings on Practo or Justdial, or ask in local Facebook groups. Privacy-sensitive patients deliberately avoid going to a clinic near home — they travel to a different neighborhood or city for the consultation.
- Payment: cash, UPI at clinic. No digital record for the patient. No receipts for sensitive purchases.
- Doctors lose two to three hours per week to WhatsApp messaging — answering repeat questions, sharing addresses, confirming appointments.
- Patients pay broker fees or spend hours navigating bad Google results.
- Follow-up dropout is high because there is no systematic reminder layer. A fertility patient who misses a Day-3 hormone test cycle loses a month — no one chases them.
- Clinic no-show rates run 30–40% for new patients in sensitive consultations because there is no confirmation or reminder system.