Who does it:
- Individual patient families (medical crowdfunding) — typically a younger relative running the campaign
- Small NGOs (under ₹50 lakh annual budget) — one "founder" or volunteer juggling everything
- Mid-size NGOs running campaign managers — one to three people whose real job is WhatsApp diplomacy
- WhatsApp: sending updates, payment screenshots, thank-you messages, donor follow-up. A campaign manager for a medical fundraiser reports spending 4–6 hours per day on WhatsApp alone — not composing content, but tracking who paid, chasing UPI refs, and sending receipts.
- Google Sheets or physical registers: tracking donors, amounts, thanked/not-thanked status, refund requests. Most small fundraisers do not connect this to the platform they raised on.
- Phone calls: for large donors (₹5,000+) who need a personal ask and a follow-up call.
- Excel: monthly reporting to the NGO board or donor, done manually from the WhatsApp-exported chat.
- Brokers and consultants: in tier-2 cities, "fundraising consultants" charge 8–15% of funds raised, primarily because they have WhatsApp network access and know who to message. They also handle the follow-up work.
- Donor follow-up: each ₹500–₹2,000 donor needs a thank-you, a receipt, and a progress update. At 200 donors, this is a full person's week of work.
- Reconciliation: platform reports do not match Excel records because donors use different UPI handles or make multiple small payments. Refund requests are manual.
- Compliance paperwork: generating 80G certificates, filing FCRA reports for foreign donations, submitting utilization certificates to donors who ask — all done by hand.
- WhatsApp fatigue: messages get lost, donors drop off mid-campaign, no systematic re-engagement. Campaigns die not because the cause is weak but because the fundraiser ran out of bandwidth.