Who does it: Small travel agents in tier-2 and tier-3 cities — towns like Ranchi, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Vadodara — run ticket sales over phone and WhatsApp. They are not IATA-accredited agents. They are neighborhood shops with a phone number, a WhatsApp broadcast list, and a relationship with a "consolidator" above them in the chain.
The consolidator buys blocks of seats at negotiated rates from airlines (or from airline-appointed GSA network), then sells individual seats to sub-agents at a margin. Sub-agents sell to end customers at a further markup. The entire chain runs on phone calls, WhatsApp texts, and a physical or WhatsApp-shared Excel sheet of available seats and fares.
Where airlines fit: Regional carriers under the UDAN scheme — Star Air, Fly91, Air India Aureoss — have thin margins, limited distribution staff, and no robust B2B portal. They rely on GSA networks (general sales agents) who manage a chain of sub-agents via WhatsApp groups. The GSA enters bookings manually into airline systems.
Where time and money leak:
- Sub-agents spend 2–4 hours a day on WhatsApp groups manually copying PNRs, seat numbers, and fare changes from consolidators
- Consolidators cannot see real-time inventory — they call or WhatsApp the GSA, who calls the airline, who may or may not respond fast
- Mispelled passenger names, wrong PNRs, date errors — all caught at check-in, requiring rebooking with no refund
- Customers in unserved UDAN routes have no transparent comparison — they take whatever the local agent has or go direct to the airline website with poor UX
- Payment collection is cash or UPI, settled manually at end of week, with float risk