Who does it:
- The kirana owner (sub-500 sq ft general store, neighbourhood market or residential colony) calls or WhatsApps the distributor's salesman with their order — typically a replenishment list spoken into a voice note or typed as a short text.
- The distributor's field salesman (one per 40–80 kiranas, in tier 2 cities often one per 100+) visits each kirana daily or alternate days, collects口头 orders on paper or a physical order book, returns to the depot, and enters them into a computer or passes them to a supervisor who does the data entry.
- The distributor owner or purchase head reconciles orders against inventory and places a pooled order with the brand/supplier.
- Primary channel: WhatsApp voice notes + text. Kirana owners send a list like "20 L daal, 5 kg rice, 2 Handel oil" in a text or voice note. Salesman screenshots or screenshots it.
- Secondary: Plain phone calls for urgent or large orders.
- Distributor back office: Excel sheets, Tally for accounting, sometimes an ERP for mid-size distributors (annual revenue ₹5 crore+).
- Paper: Many small distributors (sub-₹2 crore revenue) still use physical order books. The transition to Excel is recent and incomplete.
- Salesman time — a field visit to collect an order that takes 3 minutes of actual conversation and 45 minutes of travel is the core inefficiency. A salesman can physically visit 10–15 kiranas per day; order collection is typically 2–5 minutes per stop.
- Order error rate — manual data entry from paper or voice notes into Tally/Excel produces a documented error rate of 5–15% on SKU, quantity, or price in small distributor operations. Returns and re-delivery eat margin.
- Stockout cycles — because ordering is reactive and infrequent (driven by salesman visits, not real-time signals), kiranas under-order fast-moving SKUs and over-order slow ones. Distributors cannot plan pooled brand orders without accurate downstream signals.
- Salesman attrition — field salesman churn is high in tier 2/3 cities (annual attrition cited at 30–60% in trade press, unverified). Institutional memory walks out the door.
- No data for the kirana — the kirana has no visibility into their own purchase patterns, no reorder reminders, and no leverage to negotiate. They are flying blind on their own stock.