Who does it: The shop owner (often called the "bahri" or managing partner) plus one to three staff. In most kirana shops with annual turnover under ₹1 crore, the owner does the inventory and supplier work personally — it never gets handed off. In slightly larger general trade shops (₹1–5 crore), a "stock boy" or the owner's son handles physical counting while the owner negotiates with suppliers. For billing, either the owner or a cashier-grade staff member keys in GST invoices on a computer or (increasingly) a tablet.
What they use, in order of frequency:
- Phone (feature phone or smartphone): calling distributors to place orders, texting availability queries. Average kirana owner makes 15–30 supplier calls per day.
- WhatsApp: sending order lists as voice notes or typed texts to distributors. Groups with 5–10 suppliers are common. Order confirmations come back as text or sometimes a photo of a handwritten gate-pass.
- Physical register or rikaan bahi: a bound book, sometimes with carbon copies. One copy stays in the shop, one goes with the delivery person.
- Excel or Tally (for shops above ~₹50 lakh turnover): Tally Prime is the dominant accounting software in this segment. Most owners use it for GST filing only — not for real-time inventory. Excel is used ad hoc for stock lists, usually maintained by whoever is most comfortable with it.
- Spreadsheet on phone: Google Sheets shared between the owner and one staff member, but sync conflicts and version confusion are constant.
- Whiteboard or chit system: some shops maintain a running stock count on a whiteboard near the godown entrance. It goes out of sync the moment anyone forgets to update it.
- Stockouts on top 20 SKUs: The owner cannot track what sold until the shelf is empty. By then, a competitor has already sold to the customer. This happens weekly on fast-moving staples — oil,atta, sugar, biscuits, milk products — and is invisible because there is no data.
- Overordering from pushy distributors: FMCG company sales reps visit weekly and push stock. The owner, without sell-through data, often overorders to maintain the relationship, leading to expiry waste. This is particularly acute for products with 30–60 day shelf life.
- Manual GST reconciliation: GST invoices are issued but not linked to inventory movement. At month-end, the owner or his CA spends 2–4 hours manually matching Tally entries with physical bills. Errors result in input tax credit mismatches.
- No credit float tracking: Kirana shops extend credit to their customers (the "credit khata") and also receive credit from distributors. Most owners track this on a loose sheet or a notebook. Duplication, omission, and plain forgetting result in genuine losses estimated by trade bodies at 3–8% of gross margin annually — but nobody has clean data on this.
- Supplier delivery non-compliance: Distributors promise delivery by a certain time or quantity and partially deliver or delay. Without a structured order acknowledgment system, the shop has no recourse and no record.